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Winter Operation
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Order Number
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Title
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Author
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Date
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Paper on Winterizing Cooling Towers (TP-75A)
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Milton Epstein, Industrial Engr. & Equipment Company
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1969
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Abstract:
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Criteria For Ice Prevention in Counterflow Natural Draft Cooling Towers (TP-214A)
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John W. Cooper, Jr., Zurn Industries, Inc.
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1980
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Abstract:
Thermal analysis is presented for calculation of parameters for
ice prevention. Photographs of operating towers will highlight
icing problems.
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Cold Weather Operation of Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers (TP-84-09)
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N.E. Dolan, Ecodyne Cooling Products
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1984
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Abstract:
Annually, millions of dollars are spent in repairing ice damaged
cooling towers. Most of this damage could have been avoided had
reasonable cold weather operating procedures been in effect.
This paper presents a guideline for the development and
implementation of cold weather operating procedures for
evaporative cooling towers. Emphasis is placed on the
preparation of the tower and its operating personnel for winter
operating conditions. The theory of tower icing is discussed, as
well as the methods available for its prevention. Graphic data
is also presented to demonstrate the value of various winter
modes of operation.
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Antifreezing System on Natural Draft Crossflow Cooling Towers - Cattenom Nuclear Plant (TP-88-18)
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Jean Barbaud, Electricite de France
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1988
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Abstract:
Circulating water-cooling to Cattenom nuclear plant (PWR 44 1300
MWe) is provided by four natural draft crossflow cooling towers.
The antifreezing system uses mechanical shutters, completed by
the icing of a wire grid at the bottom of the air inlet. The
information gathered last winter does not indicate serious
problems. It should now be possible to modulate the shutter
position in order to optimize the cold-water temperature.
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Cold Weather Operating Guidelines and Experience for Natural Draft Cooling Towers on the American Electric Power System
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Frank L. Michell, Dan H. Drew American Electric Power
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1996
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Abstract:
American Electric Power's more than 30 years of experience in
operating natural draft cooling towers during freezing winter
weather conditions is discussed in the paper. Design features
incorporated into the specifications for major rebuild/repack
projects for crossflow and counterflow towers to facilitate cold
weather operation are also reviewed.
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