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Ozone
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Order Number
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Title
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Author
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Date
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Ozone - An Alternate Method of Treating Cooling Tower Water (TP-87-17)
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H. Banks Edwards, P.E., Consultant
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1987
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Abstract:
Ozone has been an effective biocide for over 100 years, reduces
or eliminates biomass, Legionnaires' Disease, bacterial
delignification and corrosion, oxidizes many organic and
inorganic contaminants. By automatically maintaining the ozone
concentration in the water through Redox control, the pH level
is maintained while biological fouling/scale deposition are
greatly reduced or eliminated. Previous ozone installations have
not used supplemental treatment chemicals. This allows the
cooling water to be recycled without fear of high concentrations
of dissolved solids associated with corrosion and without
containing potential environmental hazards while eliminating
continuous blowdown. Operating and maintenance costs are
materially reduced and efficiency increased.
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Ozone Treatment of Cooling Water Results of a Full-Scale Performance Evaluation (TP-89-07)
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G. Darell Coppenger, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Benjamin R. Crocker & David
E. Wheeler, Environmental Systems Corporation
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1989
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Abstract:
This paper is the first technical status report of a continuing
evaluation of ozone treatment for cooling tower water systems.
Data will be presented that illustrates the results of ozone
treatment in a 3400-ton air conditioning cooling systems at the
U.S. Department of Energy Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Heat transfer data and equipment inspections confirm that a
threshold surface temperature exists; below which heat exchange
surfaces remain free of mineral scale and microbiological
foulants. Heat exchange surfaces that exceed the temperature
threshold experience calcium carbonate scaling. The temperature
threshold effect may explain why ozone treatment has been
reported as a successful treatment for air conditioning cooling
systems. Plans for future ozone investigations will be
discussed.
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Update of Cooling Tower Ozonation at an Organic Chemical Manufacturing Facility (TP-92-04)
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James A. Merritt, Emery- Trailigaz Ozone Company
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1992
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Abstract:
Beginning in September 1975, ozone replaced chlorine in a
crossfire induced draft-cooling tower at a Henkel Corporation,
Emery Group organic chemical manufacturing facility (Building
60) in Cincinnati. A year later a sister chemical plant
(Building 68) in Cincinnati adopted ozone for its cooling tower.
The results from these two applications were first reported in
an address delivered to the International Ozone Association in
June of 1981. This paper reviews the operation of these systems
since the 1981 address. The two towers have continued to use
ozone during the last ten years, in conjunction with a chromate
corrosion inhibitor package. The chromate package was
discontinued in early 1990 and a costs/benefits evaluation of
ozone only treatment versus treatment with an
organophosphate/zinc corrosion inhibitor package, with various
biocides, has recently been performed. Building 60's tower has
been treated with ozone only and building 68's tower with a Betz
35K program. The results of the two tower programs has been
mixed. Continuation of the testing is being done to try to mix
the benefits of both programs.
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Biocidal Aspects of Ozone for Cooling Water Treatment - Probable Impacts of Bromide Ion (TP-92-07)
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Rip G. Rice, Ph.D., Rice Int'l Consulting Enterprises, J. Fred Wilkes, Consultant
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1992
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Abstract:
Some ozone suppliers claim Biocidal benefits of ozone throughout
the cooling systems. Yet the short half-life of ozone coupled
with the high ozone demands of cooling waters make it
unreasonable to expect that any residual ozone will be present
shortly after its application. Most cooling intake waters
contain bromide ion (from traces up to 1.5 mg/L). Oxidization of
bromide ion with ozone is known to produce the hypobromous
acid/hypobromite ion (HOBr/Obr) couple, a stable biocide that
survives after ozone residuals decay. The known chemistries of
ozone oxidation of bromide ion will be discussed and a German
cooling water treatment system based on these chemistries will
be described.
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Design Consideration for Ozone Water Treatment Systems in Cooling Towers
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Carl Nebel, PCI Ozone & Control Systems, Inc.
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1994
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Abstract:
The design of ozone systems for cooling tower water treatment
has been varied. This paper discusses the various designs and
presents both the positive and negative sides to the design
options. Those design options that have led to system failure
are also presented. The most important design factors are the
ozone generating equipment sizing, dissolving ozone in water and
the distribution of the ozone containing water into the cooling
tower system.
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Guidelines and Examples of Ozone in Cooling Tower Applications
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Lee C. Ditzler, TriOx
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1995
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Abstract:
This paper discusses the current state of the art in applying
ozone as a solo treatment and with supplementary cooling tower
treatments. These supplementary treatments include chemical
treatments as well as additional electromechanical equipment.
Different water chemistries will be reviewed in light of the
success and failure of the ozone systems. Ozone as a biocide and
legionella control will also be reviewed. Cooling tower sytems
using ozone with and without other treatment will be used as
example.
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Reducing Cooling Tower costs with Ozone Technology
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Andrew Conner, Cleanwater Ozone Systems, Inc.
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2005
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Abstract:
Maintaining high water quality within a cooling tower is an
operator's biggest struggle in keeping an efficient, healthy
tower. Conventional water maintenance methods include chemicals and
regular blowdowns. Ozone technology however, is the fastest growing
challenger to conventional treatment. Ozone, the most powerful
commercial oxidizer available, has the ability to disinfect tower
water, reduce scale, and significantly decrease the amount of blowdown
water. From midsize corporate office buildings to NASA's Kennedy
Space Center, operators are finding that ozone technology has the
ability to reduce costs substantially over chemical treatment.
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