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Oxidizing Biocides
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Order Number
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Title
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Author
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Date
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Chlorine Dioxide a New Development in Effective Microbio Control (TP-153A)
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William J. Ward, Olin Water Services
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1976
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Abstract:
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A Simplified Application of Chlorine For Biological Control (TP-187A)
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William W. Wheeler, Rohm & Haas, Inc.
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1978
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Abstract:
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Safe Feed of Liquid Biocide a New Option for Microbiological Control In Cooling Water Systems (TP-243A)
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Frances C. Pocius, Nalco Chemical Company
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1980
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Abstract:
A new biocide and feed system provides safe and effective
control of microbiological growth in open cooling systems. Case
studies of field trials will be discussed as well as benefits
and details of the new feed system
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Chlorine Dioxide Solves Biofouling Problems in a Refinery Cooling Tower Used for Phenol Destruction (TP-84-06)
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Lex McGuire, Sun Refining & Marketing Co., Tom Dishinger, Drew Chemical
Corporation
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1984
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Abstract:
A large refinery uses wastewater effluent for cooling tower
make-up to use the tower as a phenol reduction system through
biological oxidation. Severe Biofouling of critical overhead
exchangers reduced plant throughput. This paper details
application procedures that use chlorine dioxide to greatly
reduce biofouling without affecting the phenol destruction
capabilities.
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Replacement of Chlorine Gas at a Major Gulf Coast Refinery With a New Oxidizing Biocide (TP-88-07)
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Samuel E. Shull & Douglas T. Murray, Lonza, Inc., Rudy Thorgeson, Trident
Chemical Co. Paul R. Puckorius, Puckorius and Associates, Inc.
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1988
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Abstract:
A safe, cost-effective biocide replacement for chlorine gas has
long been sought. Described are results from a product
evaluation that led to the replacement of chlorine gas in 25
cooling towers. The product selected is a new; EPA registered
biocide and is a bromine and chlorine derivative of methylethyl
and dimethylhydantoin. Performance tests have shown that
effective bio-control is achieved when the product is applied on
a slug basis. A simple, automated high-dissolution rate feeder
system provides consistent and reliable delivery of halogen.
Effective control is accomplished at very low or sub detectable
levels of free available halogen. Because of this, metal
corrosion rates, cooling tower wood delignification, and
interaction with other water treatment chemicals are greatly
reduced.
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Organic Halogen Stabilizers (TP-89-05)
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Zhihe Zhange & Jack V. Matson University of Houston
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1989
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Abstract:
Reports on the disinfection's effectiveness in cooling water of
some organic halogen stabilizers, such as 1Ô Bromo,
3-chloro, 5.5-dimethylhydantion (BCDMH) are quite contradictory
and confusing. What is the truth about these compounds? This
research investigated the disinfection's efficiency and
mechanism of BCDMH in detail, and compared the results with a
variety of inorganic disinfectants, in particular, a mixture of
chlorine and bromide ions. Tests were conducted under different
environmental conditions using several types of microorganisms.
Various instruments and methods were used in investigating the
mechanism how BCDMH worked as a biocide.
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The Use of Chlorine Dioxide to Control Microbiological Growth in an Ethylene Glycol Contaminated Cooling Tower...A Case History (TP89-14)
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Raj Dhillon & Charles Edward, Hoechst Celanese
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1989
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Abstract:
An alternative oxidizer, chlorine dioxide is used in a plastic
film manufacturer's cooling water systems to control
microorganisms. As a result of the process, the water is
contaminated with percentage amounts of ethylene glycol and acid
aldehyde. These serve as nutrients for unbridled microbial
growth leading to sever operating problems in the condensers and
cooling towers. A discussion of the resulting under deposit
corrosion, as well s the successes, failures and limitations of
various biocides are included in this documentation of an
extremely challenging cooling water treatment applications.
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A Comparison of Bromine-Based Biocides in a Medium-Size Cooling Tower
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Christopher J. Nalepa, Robert M. Moore, Albemarle Corporation
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1998
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Abstract:
The process loop cooling tower at the Albemarle Process
Development Center in Baton Rouge, LA has historically used
chlorine as the biocide together with industry accepted
phosphorus-based corrosion/scale inhibitors. Although this
treatment program provided acceptable biocontrol, corrosion
rates were higher than desired. Over the past several years, we
have studied the performance of bromine-based biocides in this
cooling tower. This paper will compare the performance of these
oxidizing biocides in terms of the effects on water chemistry,
corrosion rate, microbiological control, and overall tower
appearance. In general, these biocides provided an overall
decrease in corrosion rates while maintaining good biocontrol.
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First Field trials of Single-Feed, Liquid Bromide Biocide for Cooling Towers
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Jon Howarth & Chris Nalepa, Albemarle Corporation
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2000
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Abstract:
This paper describes the results obtained in the first field
trials of a new single-feed, liquid bromine biocide. Several
different water treatment service companies applied the product
to a number of comfort cooling towers. The testing program
embraced a variety of cooling tower designs and types of fill.
Performance was measured in a diverse number of ways, and with
varying degrees of sophistication, ranging from maintaining a
pre-set ORP in the water, to enumerating microbiological
colonies in the laboratory. The amount of product consumed in
order to establish the desired performance criteria is revealed.
After the trials, the Service Companies were interviewed, and
canvassed for their opinions, and experiences with using this
product. There were several common themes such as convenience
and ease of use etc. there were also some unforeseen surprises,
and these are discussed.
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