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CTI Bibliography of Technical Papers - Natural Draft Towers

Revised April 2009

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Natural Draft Towers
Order Number Title Author Date
Natural Draft Cooling Towers (TP-38A) W.J. Jones, Hamon-Cottrell, Inc. 1968
Abstract:
Thermal Performance Evaluation of The Natural Draft Cooling Tower (TP-83A) John C. Campbell, Ceramic Cooling Tower Company 1970
Abstract:
Oriented Spray-Assisted Cooling Tower Charles F. Bowman, Chuck Bowman Assc., Inc. Dudley J. Benton, Ph.D., Environmental Consulting Engineers, Inc. 1996
Abstract: Although the thermal performances of natural draft cooling towers occasionally fail to meet expectations, the options available to the designer to improve the performance of these cooling towers are limited. This paper presents the technical basis for a new Oriented Spray-assisted Cooling Tower design developed by the authors while employed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). This design which may be back-fitted to existing natural draft cooling towers reduces the water loading and increases the air flow, resulting in a significant improvement in overall thermal performance. The paper will present the results of case studies conducted for existing TVA natural draft cooling towers and will show how the improvement in performance is achieved.
Upgrading and Repacking Two 460 MW Natural Draft Cooling Towers Peter Bosman, Knight Piesold Energy LLC, Dave Stables, Knight Piesold (PTY) LTD 1998
Abstract: This paper discusses the upgrading and repacking of two ND cooling towers at Hwange Power Station in Zimbabwe. The work involved replacing the badly blocked asbestos cement film pack with a high performance stainless steel splash/trickle pack while maintaining both towers in operation. The repack not only restored tower performance, recooled temperature was approximately 18°F worse than original design, but also improved recooled temperature by a further 3.6°F.
On-Line Performance Monitoring of the Natural Draft Cooling Tower at Cardinal Plant Frank L. Michell, Mathew J. Miller, American Electric Power 1998
Abstract: The paper will provide an over view of the online performance monitoring system recently installed on the 630 MW coal fired Unit 3 at Cardinal Plant in Brilliant, Ohio. Experience with using the on-line monitor to optimize performance of the major circulating water system components including the pumps, condensers and cooling tower will be evaluated and presented in the paper.
Structural Modeling and Analysis of Natural-Draft Cooling Towers Leandro Etcheverry and Prasad Samarajiva, Walter P. Moore 2009
Abstract: Advance finite element modeling and analysis can be useful to determine wind load capacity of natural-draft cooling towers. Because of the aggressive process and environmental exposure conditions, natural-draft cooling can sustain significant deterioration. This deterioration can be quantified and qualified by conducting a condition assessment. The findings from the assessment can be incorporated into the finite element model to determine wind load capacity not only of the as-designed structure but of the structure in its existing condition as well. The modeling and analysis is complex due to the geometry of the veil and the associated wind loads. As part of the analysis, wind loads are increased until the established failure criteria (stress or deflection) is reached. The results of the wind load analysis can be useful to plant owners in assessing the risks associated with the existing condition of the natural-draft cooling tower structure.