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Materials
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Order Number
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Title
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Author
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Date
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Plastic Trends in Cooling Tower Design (TP-5A)
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A.L. Fuller, Fluor Products Co.
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1962
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Abstract:
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Fire Retardant Fiberglass Reinforced Polester as a Material of Construction for Cooling Towers (TP-19A)
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Paul R. Carey & Walter A. Szymanski, Durez Plastics Division Hooker Chemical
Corp.
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1966
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Abstract:
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Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics and Cooling Towers (TP-34A)
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Richard W. Billings, Reinforced Plastics Division
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1967
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Abstract:
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Application of AC Motors to Cooling Towers (TP-63A)
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J.A. Ciesar, Westinghouse Electric Corporation
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1969
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Abstract:
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A Look at Wood Plastic Composites With Implication For Cooling Tower Applications (TP-64A)
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Duane L. Kenaga, Dow Chemical Company
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1969
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Abstract:
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Plastic Piping Systems in Cooling Tower Design (TP-104A)
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David A. Chasis, Plastics Piping Systems, Inc.
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1972
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Abstract:
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Use and Availability of Redwood Lumber in Cooling Towers (TP-154A)
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Peter Johnson, Jr., California Redwood Association
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1976
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Abstract:
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Low Cost New Material For Construction of Water Cooling Towers (TP-180A)
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R.W. Billings, Reichhold Chemicals, Dennis P. Miller, Dow Chemical
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1978
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Abstract:
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Electric Brake For Cooling Tower Motors (TP-217A)
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Elmer E. Rabek, Reliance Electric Company
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1980
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Abstract:
By using an electrical braking technique, it is possible to
prevent windmilling and provide secondary benefits that reduce
installation and maintenance costs.
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Structural Evaluation of Profiled Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester Panels For Cooling Towers (TP-255A)
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Joseph F. Panikulam, H.H. Robertson Company
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1982
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Abstract:
Profiled fiberglass reinforced polyester panels (FRP) are
gaining acceptance in the cooling tower market. They are
attractive, durable, lightweight, easily applied and
competitively priced. Cooling towers should be carefully
engineered and built, as they represent considerable investment.
Profiled FRP panels form an integral part of the cooling tower
infrastructure. They deserve careful testing evaluation before
being applied to the structure.
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Controlling The Deterioration of Asbestos Cement Cooling Tower Fill (TP-258A)
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Winston Chow, Electric Power Research Inst., Richard W. Stone Brown and Caldwell
Consulting Engr.
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1982
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Abstract:
Many large cooling towers have been constructed over the past
twenty years with asbestos-cement fill. A total of forty-eight
power plants were surveyed as a part of this investigation.
Approximately, one-third of those surveyed use asbestos cement
for fill or for other components (i.e., louvers, walls, etc.) of
the cooling tower. At roughly half of these installations, the
cooling water has caused noticeable deterioration of the fill,
in two known cases, the deterioration degradation of the
asbestos-cement fill is suspected to be leaching of the cement
from the fill. Release of these asbestos fibers into the
environment through either cooling tower blowdown or as an
aerosol (i.e., draft) from the tower may result in adverse
regulatory and/or health impact. This paper summarizes the
survey, describes the extent and severity of the problem,
discusses the causes, and suggests corrective action. The paper
is based upon a research project funded by the Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI).
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A New Type of Closed Circuit Cooling Tower With Plastic Heat Exchangers (TP-261A)
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G. Hery, Hamon (France), J. Bauthier, Hamon-Sobelco (Belgium), William M. Wurtz,
Hmon-Sobelco International
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1983
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Abstract:
This paper discusses the advantages of an evaporative cooling
tower that operates wet-dry or dry. To our knowledge this design
is the only commercial cooling tower that uses thermoplastic
tubes for the heat transfer.
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Pultruded Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester: The Material of Choice For Cooling Towers (TP-85-17)
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Roger A. Anderson, Enduro Fiberglass Systems
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1985
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Abstract:
The pultrusion process and resulting high strength fiberglass
reinforced polyester (FRP) laminate has many answers for cooling
tower engineers. A review of the process, physical properties
and successful applications reveals the importance of this
material in the cooling tower industry. The process improvements
and process control procedures developed during the 70's and
80's enable pultruded FRP to compete with higher priced woods
and treated steels for many future applications
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The Selection and Testing of Plastics Tower Fill (TP-86-05)
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Steven C. Blue, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
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1986
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Abstract:
A field and laboratory testing program was conducted to measure
the temperature off installed tower fill and identify a cost
effective fill to refurbish existing towers. The creep rate of
PVC fill was determined as a function of temperature, load and
sheet thickness.
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Design Consideration For the Installation of RTRP Piping for Cooling Tower Hot Water Distribution Systems (TP-87-03)
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Michael F. Luckenbill, Fibercast Company
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1987
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Abstract:
Special considerations must be addressed in regard to thermal
expansion and contract when fiberglass pipe is anchored,
supported, guided or allowed to float free on a cooling tower.
Attention to these considerations will minimize the forces which
the cooling tower must withstand.
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Development of FRP Structural Frame For Industrial Cooling Tower
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Kanji Kato & Kesaaki Mochizuki Ishikawajima Plant Eng. & Const. Co., LTD.,
Akira Hamamoto, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Ind. Co., LTD., Hideto Yabumoto, Nippon
Shokubai Co., LTD.
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1994
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Abstract:
Three companies have cooperatively developed a structural frame
system for industrial cooling towers using pultruded FRP (Fiber
Reinforced Plastics) profiles as a substitute for lumber to
improve the durability. The mechanical, weather proof and
endurance properties in water environment of pultruded
materials, and the buckling and joint strength of pultruded
tubes were evaluated. A full-scale model of the structural frame
was constructed and tested under static and dynamic loads.
Design and construction methods for a reliable structural frame
system with pultruded FRP profiles have been established. The
first industrial cooling tower with a FRP structural frame has
operated satisfactorily for more than four years. The number of
industrial cooling tower with FRP structural frame is increasing
every year.
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Strength-Degredation Based Life Expectancy of Wood Cooling Towers
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Jozsef Bodig, Arun K. Pandey, Engineering Data Mgmt., Inc. Jeff Hofacre, American
Electric Power Serv. Corp., Mark Holmberg Northern States Power Co., Robert
Martirossian, Potomac Electric Power Company
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1996
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Abstract:
Life expectancy predictions of wood cooling towers are
accomplished with the aid of nondestructive and/or destructive
testing of representative samples of structural members and
their connections. Based on the test information on the current
condition and the original design stresses, rates of strength
degradations are computed for critical components. The
degradation rates, combined with structural analysis, are used
to project a life expectancy of the tower at a given level of
probability. Examples of evaluations of current conditions and
life expectancy projections are provided for cooling towers
owned by Appalachian Power Co., Northern States Power Co. and
Potomac Electric Power Co.
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Implementing Regulations Under The Fastener Quality Act (FQA)
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Rodrick WIlliams, All-Pro Fastener, Inc.
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1998
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Abstract:
This paper covers the ins and out's of the new public law that
covers graded product used by OEM companies as well as what it
means to the cooling tower industry.
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Diagonal Bracing Connections in Fiberglass Cooling Towers
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Jamie Bland, Ceramic Cooling Tower Company
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1999
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Abstract:
This paper investigates typical connections of diagonal braces
in fiberglass cooling towers. These connections are typically
accomplished using mechanical fasteners and/or structural
adhesives. Different combinations of mechanical fasteners and/or
adhesive joints will be presented with a comparative study
showing full-scale test results.
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Safe Erection Procedure for Fiberglass Cooling Towers
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Jacob Moneta, Brian O'Leary, Hamon Cooling Towers
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2001
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Abstract:
In many of the locations where mechanical draft cooling towers are constructed, high winds can
be a serious safety consideration, especially with partially built structures. This paper will
focus upon the erection procedure for fiberglass mechanical draft cooling towers. However,
much of the procedure has application for wood towers as well.
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Cooling Towers, Evaporative Condensers, and ASHRAE Guideline 12-2000
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David F. Geary, Baltimore Aircoil Company
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2001
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Abstract:
ASHRAE recently published a guideline, 'Minimizing the Risk of Legionellosis Associated with
Building Water Systems'. Guideline 12 presents guidance covering a multitude of systems
including cooling towers and evaporative condensers. The guideline presents a description
of each system as well as an overview of the system operation including operating temperature,
water droplet sizes, and nutrient availability. Recommended treatment practices are presented.
The guideline emphasizes the importance of good housekeeping, biological treatment, and where
possible control of the temperature level as principal control strategies. Guideline 12 is
available from ASHRAE.
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Internal Pipe Seals for Repair of Cooling Water Piping
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John A. Charest, Universal Utility Services
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2003
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Abstract:
Internal sealing of raw water piping to arrest corrosion has
been utilized in municipal applications for over twenty-five
years. This process consists of an EPDM rubber seal that is
positioned over the affected area and is locked in place with
two hydraulically expanded stainless steel retaining bands,
located at each end of the seal. In cooling water-piping
systems, numerous leaks often suggest that large sections of
pipe may need to be replaced, although in many cases the
deterioration is limited to the pipe joints. Preferential attack
at welded joints is a common problem and deteriorated conditions
can also be found at flanged and bell and spigot connections.
Typically, repairs range from complete replacement of the
affected area to welded patches and belly bands. This relatively
simple method to repair and isolate deteriorated areas can be
completed in piping diameters ranging from 16 inches to 18 feet.
As many as 100 smaller diameter seals can be installed,
inspected and tested during a 48-hour time period.
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The Impact of Veil Thickness and Coating on Cooling Tower FRP Composites
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Clint Smith, Strongwell, Inc.
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2005
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Abstract:
FRP Cooling Tower customers typically request thick synthetic
surfacing veils and coated end cuts for their applications. The
purpose of this experiment was to obtain an estimate of the property
enhancement for these two FRP production operations which add to
product cost. Strongwell has tested the impact of veil thickness on
twelve inch columns exposed to room temperature water and on the
compressive strength in retention after 1,000 hours of weathering. The
veil thickness ranged from no veil to 13mils and revealed no advantage
for increasing the veil thickness. Strongwell also performed another
environmental study on the impact of coating for the bearing and
compressive properties. The water exposure was at room temperature and
125°F revealing no performance advantage obtained from the
coating.
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