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Dry Cooling
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Order Number
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Title
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Author
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Date
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The Supplemental Use of Dry Surface in a Cooling Tower System (TP-65A)
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J.R. Buss & P.L. Tremont, Monsanto Company
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1969
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Abstract:
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Integrated Wet/Dry Cooling and Plume Abatement With The Binary Cooling Tower (TP-21A)
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William G. Sanderson & Richard G. Lancaster, Tower Systems, Inc.
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1983
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Abstract:
State-of-the-art wet/dry plume abatement cooling towers are
often considered, but seldom purchased primarily because of high
overall costs. The BCT, with it unique operating flexibility,
can be configured as a plume abatement-cooling tower with zero
feasible plumes under all operating conditions. This paper
reviews the wet/dry operations of the BCT.
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The New Wet/Dry Cooling Tower Without Finned Tube Dry Section (NWD)
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Toshio Miura, Osamu Gotoh, Ishikawajima Plant Engr & Const Co., Ltd.
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1998
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Abstract:
NWD uses the multi purpose fill, which is consisted of all wet
and wet/dry lanes. During the summer season, NWD can be used as
all wet cooling tower by using wet/dry lanes as wet sections,
and during plume abatement (winter) season, NWD can be used as
wet/dry cooling tower by using wet/dry lanes as dry sections
which are acting similar to finned tube dry sections. The design
criteria of NWD had been established by the experiment and a
prototype NWD was installed to confirm the result of the
experiment and no plume was visible at the fan stack exit.
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Why Every Air Cooled Steam Condenser Needs A Cooling Tower
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Dr. Luc DeBacker and William M. Wurtz, Hamon Dry Cooling
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2003
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Abstract:
This technical paper will review the basic types of cooling systems
utilized by utility power plants, and explain the reasons why it is
advantageous to include a cooling tower in many dry cooling
applications. A system where a cooling tower is used in conjunction
with an air-cooled steam condenser is called a parallel condensing
system. This type of system utilizes three traditional types of heat
exchangers: a cooling tower, an air-cooled steam condenser and a
surface condenser. An optimized parallel condensing system reduces
both investment costs and operational costs while using a minimum
amount of water.
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Pressure Recovery Effects in Air-Cooled Installations
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Henk van der Spek, Howden Cooling Fans
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2005
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Abstract:
Pressure recovery is an effect that occurs in gas and liquid flows. It
concerns the conversion from both the speed of the fluid into pressure
and into the inverse direction under ideal conditions. In fact, it is
the consequence of one of the most fundamental physical laws (i.e. the
law of conservation of energy). Although an air-cooled heat exchanger,
the velocity of the air varies many times, pressure recovery effects
have been hardly recognized up to now. This report aims to discuss the
effects on air-cooled heat exchangers and the further impact of it on
the dimensioning of axial air flow fans for those air-cooled heat
exchangers.
Fortunes are spent determining as accurately as possible the pure flow
resistance over the pip bundle of the air-cooled heat exchanger. The
models of the bundles are positioned in a wind tunnel which is
conditioned in a way that pure axial flows are passing the pipe
bundle. Theoretically, this is also the best way to determine the
flow.
Pressure recovery is a principle that has been known for centuries,
and up until now it has had a limited recognition and application in
air-cooled installations. The best-known application is the diffuser
of fan stack above an induced draft cooling fan. The effect of the
diffuser is that it is able to generate a part of the required
pressure drop from the kinetic energy in the air flow out of the fan
which otherwise would be lost. The design of the diffusers is based on
model studies. Generally, one has tried to eliminate pressure recovery
effects out of the performance definitions of air-cooling
installations because the effects are experienced as too vague due to
the fact that pressure recovery effects depend strongly on various
flow conditions. Therefore, the strategy that is followed is that for
different components under ideal conditions, the performance has been
measured and defined. Then, together with the design of the
installations, the influences of the different components are added in
the performance definitions.
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Evaporative Pre-coolers for Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
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Matt Smith, L.S. Enterprises; Rich Aull, Brentwood Industries; Robert Giammaruti, Hudson Products Corporation
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2006
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Abstract:
Evaporative pre-cooling of air cooled heat exchangers provides the
thermodynamic advantages of water cooling towers with the reduced
maintenance requirements of air cooled heat exchangers. In areas where
water conservation, cooling tower plume abatement, or water discharge
permits are a problem, evaporative pre-cooling of the air going to the
heat exchanger can be the solution. This paper discusses the
advantages of pre-coolers and presents some basic design
considerations.
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Enhancement of Air Cooled Condenser Operation in Power Plants
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Ram Chandran, Holtec International
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2006
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Abstract:
Use of Air Cooled Condensing system, to condense turbine exhaust steam
from the steam cycle of combined cycle plants, coal fired plants and
various other plants using steam to generate electricity, has gained
acceptance. However, as electricity generation is privatized, building
plants at low cost has been the priority rather than the performance.
This paper discusses the impact of velocity consideration in the
design of air cooled condensers. The velocity at design point and the
change in velocity affect the steam duct design and the tube bundle
design. As the ambient temperature varies, it affects and/or limits
the range of turbine operation. This, in turn, can improve or
adversely affect the plant electric power output. The velocity also
has an effect on the condensate temperature. The reheat of the
condensate requires energy which is redirected from generating
capacity which is often ignored.
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Effects of Wind on Air-Cooled Condenser Performance
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John S. Maulbetsch, Maulbetsch Consulting and Michael N. DiFilippo - Consultant
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2007
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Abstract:
Wind is an important factor affecting the performance of air-cooled
condensers. The paper presents the results of field tests at five
plants with ACC's to determine the mechanism and magnitude of the
effects. The relative importance of recirculation and degradation of
fan performance is discussed. Possible approaches to mitigate the wind
effect are explored.
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